Editors rely on reviewer feedback to help them decide whether to accept or reject an article. Learn more about what editors look for in a good peer review.
When editors invite you to review a manuscript, they may specify aspects of the paper they want you to focus on, such as the methodology or statistical analysis. Even if the manuscript's topic doesn't match your area of expertise, editors may still value your input on specific elements of the study. If you're asked to focus on a particular section, be sure to mention that at the beginning of your review.
If you're unsure why you were selected to review a manuscript, ask the editor for clarification. Editors prefer that you contact them with questions, rather than you not respond or complete the review.
Editors base their decision on your recommendation and comments, alongside their own reading. Remember, the editor’s decision may not always align with your recommendation, so avoid mentioning your recommendation directly with the author in your comments.
Reviewer comments are crucial to the editor’s decision and often appear in the decision letter.
It's helpful to editors if you:
If you recommend rejecting the paper, clearly explain the reasons and avoid overly positive language that may contradict your recommendation. It can put the editor in an awkward position if they are seen to disagree with your recommendation or your comments.
Comments to the editors should only be used for notes that you don’t want the authors to see. Anything that is important for the authors to know should be in the comments to the authors. Once the editor makes a decision and the author has been notified, you'll usually receive a copy of the letter with comments from other reviewers.